Some tips for selecting keywords.
- Be specific and succinct as
possible.
- Google searches are not case
sensitive.
- Google searches ignore
common words, such as “the” “an” “a” “where” “how”.
- Be aware of the different
expressions between British and American English.
- Try synonymous terms to
expand the search.
e.g. “older people” “demographics” for “aging”; “social conditions
and trends” for “society”
- Use other operators to modify
search terms:
Operator
|
Meaning
|
Example
|
-
|
Excluded words
|
Mouse -computer
|
~
|
Similar words
|
~ship
|
…
|
Numerical ranges
|
Bill Gates 2000…2007
|
OR
|
Multiple
words
|
University
|
Types of Organisations
.com
|
Commercial
companies in
|
.co
|
Commercial companies in most countries
except the
|
.org
|
Non-profit making organization
|
.edu/.ac
|
Educational
institute
|
.gov/.govt
|
Government
site in some countries
|
.int
|
International
organizations
|
.net
|
Network
|
mil
|
US military sites
|
Country of Origin
.au
|
.jp
|
||
.ca
|
.kr
|
||
.cn
|
.mo
|
||
.de
|
.us
|
||
.hk
|
.uk
|
United Kindom
|
|
.fr
|
Google can index the content of most types
of pages and files:
.swf
|
Adobe Flash
|
Basic source code (.bas)
|
|
.pdf
|
Adobe Portable
Document Format
|
.svg
|
Scalable Vector Graphics
|
.ps
|
Adobe PostScript
|
.kml, .kmz
|
Google Earth
|
.dwf
|
Autodesk Design Web Format
|
.gpx
|
GPS eXchange
Format
|
.htm, .html
|
HTML
|
.hwp
|
Hancom Hanword
|
.java
|
Java source
code
|
.xml
|
XML
|
.xls, .xlsx
|
Microsoft Excel
|
.odp
|
OpenOffice
presentations
|
.ppt, .pptx
|
Microsoft
PowerPoint
|
.ods
|
OpenOffice
spreadsheet
|
.doc, .docx
|
Microsoft Word
|
.odt
|
OpenOffice text
|
.pl
|
Perl source
code
|
.rtf, .wri
|
Rich Text Format
|
.ans, .asc,
.cas,
.txt, .text
|
Text
|
.c, .cc, .cpp,
.cxx, .h, .hpp
|
C/C++ source
code
|
.wml, .wap
|
Wireless Markup Language
|
.py
|
Python source
code
|
When you use the filetype: operator
in a Google search (for example, filetype:xml galway, Google searches for files
with the .xml extension, not for files of file type XML.
“global warming” site: gov
“global warming” site: www.upenn.edu
|
search for a site in a particular domain.(
gov/ edu/ state.nj.us for
|
"giant hogweed" nj filetype:
pdf
|
search for a specific file type,
etc pdf, xls, doc, ppt ...
|
allintitle:
|
Intitle/ allintitle/intext/
allintext/ inurl/ allinurl: focus search results
|
define:/
weather:/ movie:/ stoks:/
phonebook:/
related:/link:/daterange:
|
|
Number range searching: #..#
|
Use square brackets [ ] to denote queries,
so [ to be or not to be ] is an example of a query; [ to be ] or [ not to be ]
are two examples of queries.
Google Search Tips
1.1 Every
word matters. Generally, all the words you put in
the query will be used.
1.2
Case insensitive. A search for [new
york ] is the same as a search for [New York
1.3
Punctuation is ignored, including
@#$%^&*()=+[]\ and other special characters.
2.1 Keep
it simple.
2.2 Think
how the page you are looking for will be written.
2.3 Describe
what you need with as few terms as possible.
2.4 Choose
descriptive words. (‘document,' 'website,' 'company,' or 'info,' not needed)
3.1 Phrase
search ("")
By putting double quotes around a set of
words, you are telling Google to consider the exact words in that exact order without any change.
3.2 Search
within a specific website (site:)
Google allows you to specify that your
search results must come from a given
website.
3.3 Terms
you want to exclude (-)
Attaching a minus sign immediately before a
word indicates that you do not want
pages that contain this word to appear in your results. The minus sign
should appear immediately before the
word and should be preceded with a space.
3.4 Fill
in the blanks (*)
The *, or wildcard, is a little-known
feature that can be very powerful. If you include * within a query, it tells
Google to try to treat the star as a placeholder for any unknown term(s) and
then find the best matches. Note that the * operator works only on whole words, not parts of words.
3.5 Search
exactly as is (+)
Google employs synonyms automatically, so
that it finds pages that mention. By attaching a + immediately before a word
(don't add a space after the +), you are telling Google to match that word precisely as you typed it. Putting double quotes around a single word will
do the same.
3.6 The
OR operator
Google's default behavior is to consider
all the words in a search. If you want to specifically allow either one of
several words, you can use OR operator (note that you have to type 'OR' in ALL
CAPS). The symbol | can be substituted for OR. (AND operator, is default, so it
is not needed.)
5 Google Calculator Guide
5.1 +
- * / % ^
5.2 sqrt,nth
root ofx
5.3 sin,
cos, arctan, tan…
5.4 ln:
Returns natural (base e) logarithm: ln(e^5)
5.5 log:
Returns base 10 logarithm: log(100)
5.6 !:
Returns n factorial: 3!
5.7 0x,
0o and 0b: Numbers can be entered also in
hexadecimal, octal and binary base, using 0x, 0o and 0b prefixes, for example 5 +0xf+0b1001
6 Conversions
6.3 distance
conversions: Use 100miles in km , 1m in mm, also 200000 km in
light-second etc.
6.4 speed,
time, temperature: 100mph in kph; 1 month in seconds;280 kelvin in
celsius
6.5 currency:
3 € in $ or 3 euros in dollars
"indexof/"inurl:lib
"indexof/"cnki
"indexof/"ppt
"indexof/"mp3
"indexof/"swf
"indexof/"software-name
"indexof/"AVI
inurl:"viewerframe?mode="
passwd.txt site:virtualave.net
config.txtsite:.jp(.net.org.jp.in.gr)
admin.txtsite:.tw
"Indexof/admin"
"Indexof/secret"
"Indexof/cgi-bin"site:.edu
filetype:.doc site:.milclassified
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